How to Mean Center Predictors in SPSS?

For testing moderation effects in multiple regression, we start off with mean centering our predictors:mean centering a variable is subtracting its mean from each individual score.After doing so, a variable will have a mean of exactly zero but is not affected otherwise: its standard deviation, skewness, distributional shape and everything else all stays the same. After mean […]

SPSS Create Dummy Variables Tool

Summary Creating dummy variables for several categorical variables by basic syntax is usually not hard. However, applying proper variable labels to the newly created dummy variables requires quite a bit of effort. The tool presented in this tutorial will take care of this -and some other issues- more easily. SPSS Dummy Variables Tool SPSS Create Dummy Variables Tool Instructions […]

Creating Dummy Variables in SPSS

Dummy coding a variable means representing each of its values by a separate dichotomous variable. These so-called dummy variables contain only ones and zeroes (and sometimes missing values). The figure below shows how the variable “pet” from favorite_pets.sav has been dummy coded as pet_d1 through pet_d4. Dummy Variables in SPSS Note that, for example, pet_d2 represents the value 2 on […]

Stepwise Regression in SPSS – Example

A magazine wants to improve their customer satisfaction. They surveyed some readers on their overall satisfaction as well as satisfaction with some quality aspects. Their basic question is“which aspects have most impact on customer satisfaction? ”We’ll try to answer this question with regression analysis. Overall satisfaction is our dependent variable (or criterion) and the quality […]

Stepwise Regression in SPSS – Data Preparation

A magazine publisher surveyed readers on their overall satisfaction and a number of quality aspects. Their data can be downloaded from magazine.sav. Now, when working with real world data, the first thing you want to do are some basic data checks. This tutorial walks you through. The actual regression analysis on the prepared data is covered in the next […]

Linear Regression in SPSS – A Simple Example

A company wants to know how job performance relates to IQ, motivation and social support. They collect data on 60 employees, resulting in job_performance.sav. Part of these data are shown below. Quick Data Check We usually start our analysis with a solid data inspection. Since that’s already been done for the data at hand, we’ll limit it […]

SPSS Stepwise Regression – Example 2

A large bank wants to gain insight into their employees’ job satisfaction. They carried out a survey, the results of which are in bank_clean.sav. The survey included some statements regarding job satisfaction, some of which are shown below. Research Question The main research question for today iswhich factors contribute (most) to overall job satisfaction?as measured by overall (“I’m […]

How to Draw a Regression Line in SPSS?

This tutorial shows how to draw a regression line in SPSS. We encourage you to follow along by downloading and opening job_performance.sav, part of which are shown below. Our data basically just hold job performance scores and IQ, motivation and social support which -supposedly- contribute to job performance. The meaning of our variables is seen under variable view, […]

SPSS Multiple Regression Analysis Tutorial

Running a basic multiple regression analysis in SPSS is simple. For a thorough analysis, however, we want to make sure we satisfy the main assumptions, which are linearity: each predictor has a linear relation with our outcome variable; normality: the prediction errors are normally distributed in the population; homoscedasticity: the variance of the errors is constant in the population. […]

Simple Linear Regression – Quick Introduction

Correlation B Coefficients Intercept Regression Residuals R-Square Simple linear regression is a technique that predicts a metric variable from a linear relation with another metric variable.Remember that “metric variables” refers to variables measured at interval or ratio level. The point here is that calculations -like addition and subtraction- are meaningful on metric variables (“salary” or […]

Multiple Linear Regression – What and Why?

Multiple regression is a statistical technique that aims to predict a variable of interest from several other variables. The variable that’s predicted is known as the criterion. The variables that predict the criterion are known as predictors. Regression requires metric variables but special techniques are available for using categorical variables as well. Multiple Regression – Example I run a […]