SPSS System Variables

Summary SPSS uses a handful of hidden variables for keeping track of things. These so called system variables have names starting with “$” and can be useful in some cases. The most important one is $casenum, the number shown next to each case in the data editor window. SPSS $casenum SPSS $casenum In the left outline of the […]

SPSS with Python I – What is It?

Python is among the most important programming languages today and can be used in SPSS. Doing so may truly decimate the time and effort you need to get things done. This tutorial briefly explains what Python is, how it relates to SPSS and why you might want to start using it. What is Python? Python is among the most important […]

Measurement Levels

Measurement levels refer to different types of variables that imply how to analyze them. Standard textbooks distinguish 4 such measurement levels or variable types. From low to high, these are nominal variables; ordinal variables; interval variables; ratio variables. The “higher” the measurement level, the more information a variable holds. The simple flowchart below shows how […]